¢ Evolved
during the industrial revolution.
¢ Low wages, long working hours, monotonous and dangerous work, abusive
¢ Low wages, long working hours, monotonous and dangerous work, abusive
supervisory
practices led to high employee turnover, violent strikes and threat to
social
stability.
¢ Important contributions were Industrial Democracy (1897) by Sidney Webb and
¢ Important contributions were Industrial Democracy (1897) by Sidney Webb and
Beatrice Webb
and John R. Commons who created first academic industrial relation
program at
the University of Wisconsin.
¢ As a discipline, industrial relations was formalized in 1950’s with the formation of the
¢ As a discipline, industrial relations was formalized in 1950’s with the formation of the
Oxford School by Allan Flanders and Hugh Clegg.
